Kinshasa, sentence 200
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
This hydrological transformation is evidenced by a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention, resulting in flashier hydrographs, more frequent flood events, and accelerated erosional processes.
Who acts: marked rise · What happens: evidence, mark, result, accelerate · To what, where: hydrological transformation, flashier hydrographs, erosional processes
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marked rise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 transformation | det |
| 2 | hydrological | hydrological | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 transformation | amod |
| 3 | transformation | transformation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 evidenced | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 evidenced | aux:pass |
| 5 | evidenced | evidence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 rise | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 rise | det |
| 8 | marked | mark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 rise | amod |
| 9 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 evidenced | obl:agent |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 runoff | case |
| 11 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 runoff | compound |
| 12 | runoff | runoff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rise | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 reduction | cc |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 reduction | det |
| 15 | reduction | reduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rise | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 retention | case |
| 17 | infiltration | infiltration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 retention | compound |
| 18 | retention | retention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 reduction | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 resulting | punct |
| 20 | resulting | result | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 evidenced | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 hydrographs | case |
| 22 | flashier | flashy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 hydrographs | amod |
| 23 | hydrographs | hydrograph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 resulting | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 events | punct |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 frequent | advmod |
| 26 | frequent | frequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 events | amod |
| 27 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 events | compound |
| 28 | events | event | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hydrographs | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 accelerated | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 accelerated | cc |
| 31 | accelerated | accelerate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 evidenced | conj |
| 32 | erosional | erosional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 processes | amod |
| 33 | processes | process | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 accelerated | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 evidenced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | evidence | present · passive | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention | this hydrological transformation | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | mark | participle | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | result | gerund | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention not said here | flashier hydrographs and frequent flood events | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hydrograph=Location | ||||
| 4 | accelerate | past | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention not said here | erosional processes | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent process=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/200/