Kinshasa, sentence 205
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Early seasonal rains are absorbed into the soil and do not contribute to surface runoff until the retention threshold is surpassed, at which point excess water seeps downward to replenish groundwater reserves.
Who acts: excess water · What happens: absorb, not contribute, surpass, point, seep, replenish · To what, where: seasonal rains, soil, surface runoff, retention threshold, groundwater reserves
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (excess water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 absorbed | advmod |
| 2 | seasonal | seasonal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rains | amod |
| 3 | rains | rain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 absorbed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 absorbed | aux:pass |
| 5 | absorbed | absorb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 soil | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 soil | det |
| 8 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 absorbed | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 contribute | cc |
| 10 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 contribute | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 contribute | advmod |
| 12 | contribute | contribute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 absorbed | conj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 runoff | mark |
| 14 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 runoff | compound |
| 15 | runoff | runoff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 contribute | obj |
| 16 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 21 surpassed | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 threshold | det |
| 18 | retention | retention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 threshold | compound |
| 19 | threshold | threshold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 surpassed | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 surpassed | aux:pass |
| 21 | surpassed | surpass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 contribute | advcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 point | punct |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 point | nsubj |
| 25 | point | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 surpassed | conj |
| 26 | excess | excess | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 water | amod |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 seeps | nsubj |
| 28 | seeps | seep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 point | ccomp |
| 29 | downward | downward | ADV | _ | 31 replenish | advmod |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 replenish | mark |
| 31 | replenish | replenish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 seeps | xcomp |
| 32 | groundwater | groundwater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 reserves | compound |
| 33 | reserves | reserve | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 replenish | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 absorbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | absorb | present · passive | seasonal rains | the soil | early property | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | not contribute | present · do-support | surface runoff | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent runoff=Theme | |||||
| 3 | surpass | present · passive | the retention threshold | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | point | present | which nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | seep | present | excess water | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | replenish | to-infinitive | excess water not said here | groundwater reserves | downward property | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reserve=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/205/