Kinshasa, sentence 219
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The hilly zones of the region were originally dominated by grassland species, notably Loudetia demeusei and Schizachyrium semiberbe, which are characteristic tufted hemicryptophytes.
Who acts: grassland species, Loudetia · What happens: dominate, tuft, be · To what, where: hilly zones, characteristic tufted hemicryptophytes
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grassland species, Loudetia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 zones | det |
| 2 | hilly | hilly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 zones | amod |
| 3 | zones | zone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dominated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 region | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 region | det |
| 6 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 zones | nmod |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dominated | aux:pass |
| 8 | originally | originally | ADV | _ | 9 dominated | advmod |
| 9 | dominated | dominate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 species | case |
| 11 | grassland | grassland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 species | compound |
| 12 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dominated | obl:agent |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Loudetia | punct |
| 14 | notably | notably | ADV | _ | 15 Loudetia | advmod |
| 15 | Loudetia | Loudetia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 species | nmod |
| 16 | demeusei | demeusei | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Loudetia | flat |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 semiberbe | cc |
| 18 | Schizachyrium | Schizachyrium | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 semiberbe | compound |
| 19 | semiberbe | semiberbe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Loudetia | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 hemicryptophytes | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 hemicryptophytes | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 hemicryptophytes | cop |
| 23 | characteristic | characteristic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 hemicryptophytes | amod |
| 24 | tufted | tuft | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 hemicryptophytes | amod |
| 25 | hemicryptophytes | hemicryptophyte | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 Loudetia | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 dominated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dominate | past · passive | grassland species Loudetia and Schizachyrium semiberbe and characteristic tufted hemicryptophytes | the hilly zones of the region | originally property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | tuft | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | Loudetia and Schizachyrium semiberbe and characteristic tufted hemicryptophytes | characteristic tufted hemicryptophytes | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/219/