Kinshasa, sentence 222
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The gallery forests, typically aligned along principal watercourses and occupying humid valleys associated with the Guineo-Congolese ombrophile-type, have experienced progressive degradation.
Who acts: gallery forests · What happens: align, occupy, associate, have · To what, where: gallery forests, humid valleys, experienced progressive degradation
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gallery forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 forests | det |
| 2 | gallery | gallery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 forests | compound |
| 3 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 have | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 aligned | punct |
| 5 | typically | typically | ADV | _ | 6 aligned | advmod |
| 6 | aligned | align | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 forests | acl |
| 7 | along | along | ADP | _ | 9 watercourses | case |
| 8 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 watercourses | amod |
| 9 | watercourses | watercourse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 aligned | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 occupying | cc |
| 11 | occupying | occupy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 aligned | conj |
| 12 | humid | humid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 valleys | amod |
| 13 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 occupying | obj |
| 14 | associated | associate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 valleys | acl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 type | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 type | det |
| 17 | Guineo | Guineo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 type | nsubj |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 Guineo | punct |
| 19 | Congolese | congolese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 type | amod |
| 20 | ombrophile | ombrophile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 type | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 ombrophile | punct |
| 22 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 associated | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 forests | punct |
| 24 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | experienced | experienced | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 degradation | amod |
| 26 | progressive | progressive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 degradation | amod |
| 27 | degradation | degradation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 have | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | align | participle | the gallery forests not said here | along principal watercourses; typically property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | occupy | gerund | humid valleys | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus valley=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | associate | participle | humid valleys not said here | with the Congolese ombrophile type Guineo | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with type=Co-Patient | ||||
| 4 | have | present | the gallery forests | experienced progressive degradation | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degradation=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/222/