Kinshasa, sentence 305
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
As the most populous foreign African demographic in Kinshasa, they initially migrated as traders and laborers and, from the 1950s onward, were extensively conscripted to work at the port of CITAS, where they primarily handled and transported colonial commodities such as palm derivatives, copal resin, cotton, and ivory.
Who acts: Kinshasa · What happens: migrate, conscript, work, handle, transport · To what, where: ivory, colonial commodities
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kinshasa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 demographic | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 demographic | det |
| 3 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 4 populous | advmod |
| 4 | populous | populous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 demographic | nsubj |
| 5 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 demographic | amod |
| 6 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 demographic | amod |
| 7 | demographic | demographic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 migrated | advcl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Kinshasa | case |
| 9 | Kinshasa | Kinshasa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 demographic | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 demographic | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 migrated | nsubj |
| 12 | initially | initially | ADV | _ | 13 migrated | advmod |
| 13 | migrated | migrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 traders | case |
| 15 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 migrated | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 laborers | cc |
| 17 | laborers | laborer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 traders | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 1950s | cc |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 and | punct |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 1950s | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 1950s | det |
| 22 | 1950s | 1950 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 15 traders | conj |
| 23 | onward | onward | ADV | _ | 13 migrated | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 conscripted | punct |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 conscripted | aux:pass |
| 26 | extensively | extensively | ADV | _ | 27 conscripted | advmod |
| 27 | conscripted | conscript | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 migrated | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 work | mark |
| 29 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 conscripted | xcomp |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 32 port | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 port | det |
| 32 | port | port | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 work | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 CITAS | case |
| 34 | CITAS | CITAS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 port | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 handled | punct |
| 36 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 39 handled | advmod |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 handled | nsubj |
| 38 | primarily | primarily | ADV | _ | 39 handled | advmod |
| 39 | handled | handle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 CITAS | parataxis |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 transported | cc |
| 41 | transported | transport | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 handled | conj |
| 42 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 commodities | amod |
| 43 | commodities | commodity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 transported | obj |
| 44 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 47 derivatives | case |
| 45 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 such | fixed |
| 46 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 derivatives | compound |
| 47 | derivatives | derivative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 commodities | nmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 resin | punct |
| 49 | copal | copal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 resin | amod |
| 50 | resin | resin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 derivatives | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 cotton | punct |
| 52 | cotton | cotton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 resin | conj |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 ivory | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 ivory | cc |
| 55 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 conscripted | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 migrated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | migrate | past | Kinshasa | as traders and laborers and the 1950s; initially, onward property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | conscript | past · passive | Kinshasa not said here | ivory | extensively property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | work | to-infinitive | Kinshasa not said here | at the port of CITAS | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at port=Theme | ||||
| 4 | handle | past | Kinshasa | primarily property | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | transport | past | Kinshasa not said here | colonial commodities | such palm derivatives and copal resin and cotton | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus commodity=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/305/