Kinshasa, sentence 310
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Belgian colonial authorities, constrained by porous borders and entrenched kinship networks among the Bakongo across both nations, were largely ineffectual in stemming this border-crossing migration.
Who acts: Belgian colonial authorities, entrenched kinship · What happens: constrain, entrench, network, be, stem, cross · To what, where: nations, crossing migration
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Belgian colonial authorities, entrenched kinship), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Belgian | Belgian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 authorities | amod |
| 2 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 authorities | amod |
| 3 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 constrained | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 constrained | punct |
| 5 | constrained | constrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 borders | case |
| 7 | porous | porous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 borders | amod |
| 8 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 constrained | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 networks | cc |
| 10 | entrenched | entrench | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 kinship | amod |
| 11 | kinship | kinship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 networks | nsubj |
| 12 | networks | network | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 constrained | conj |
| 13 | among | among | ADP | _ | 15 Bakongo | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Bakongo | det |
| 15 | Bakongo | Bakongo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 networks | obl |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 18 nations | case |
| 17 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 nations | det |
| 18 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 networks | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ineffectual | punct |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 ineffectual | cop |
| 21 | largely | largely | ADV | _ | 22 ineffectual | advmod |
| 22 | ineffectual | ineffectual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 constrained | conj |
| 23 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 24 stemming | mark |
| 24 | stemming | stem | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 ineffectual | advcl |
| 25 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 migration | det |
| 26 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 crossing | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 border | punct |
| 28 | crossing | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 migration | amod |
| 29 | migration | migration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 stemming | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 constrained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | constrain | participle | Belgian colonial authorities | by porous borders | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer | ||||
| 2 | entrench | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | network | present | entrenched kinship | both nations | among the Bakongo | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | is | past | Belgian colonial authorities not said here | ineffectual, largely property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | stem | gerund | Belgian colonial authorities not said here | this crossing migration | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location migration=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cross | gerund | border compound | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/310/