Kinshasa, sentence 41
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The completion of the Matadi–Kinshasa portage railway, in 1898, provided an alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville.
Who acts: completion · What happens: provide, spark, complete, develop · To what, where: alternative route, rapids, rapid development, Kinshasa portage railway, Léopoldville
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (completion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 completion | det |
| 2 | completion | completion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 provided | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 railway | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 railway | det |
| 5 | Matadi | Matadi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Kinshasa | compound |
| 6 | – | – | PUNCT | _ | 5 Matadi | punct |
| 7 | Kinshasa | Kinshasa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 railway | compound |
| 8 | portage | portage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 railway | compound |
| 9 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 completion | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 1898 | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 1898 | case |
| 12 | 1898 | 1898 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 railway | appos |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 completion | punct |
| 14 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 route | det |
| 16 | alternative | alternative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 route | amod |
| 17 | route | route | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 provided | obj |
| 18 | around | around | ADP | _ | 20 rapids | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rapids | det |
| 20 | rapids | rapid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 route | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 sparked | cc |
| 22 | sparked | spark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 provided | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 development | det |
| 24 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 development | amod |
| 25 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sparked | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Léopoldville | case |
| 27 | Léopoldville | Léopoldville | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 development | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 provided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | provide | past | the completion of the Kinshasa portage railway | a alternative route | the rapids | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition route=Theme | |||
| 2 | spark | past | the completion of the Kinshasa portage railway not said here | the rapid development of Léopoldville | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition development=Patient | ||||
| 3 | complete | the Kinshasa portage railway | nom completion «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 4 | develop | Léopoldville | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/41/