Kinshasa, sentence 75
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The urban center expanded as surrounding villages grew, drawn by the prospects of employment and commerce.
Who acts: urban center · What happens: expand, surround, grow, draw, prospect · To what, where: urban center, employment
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (urban center), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 center | det |
| 2 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 center | amod |
| 3 | center | center | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grew | nsubj |
| 4 | expanded | expand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 center | acl |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 villages | case |
| 6 | surrounding | surround | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 villages | amod |
| 7 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 expanded | obl |
| 8 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 drawn | punct |
| 10 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 grew | parataxis |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 prospects | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 prospects | det |
| 13 | prospects | prospect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 drawn | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 employment | case |
| 15 | employment | employment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 prospects | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 commerce | cc |
| 17 | commerce | commerce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 employment | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expand | participle | the urban center not said here | as surrounding villages | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | surround | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | grow | past | the urban center | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | draw | participle | by the prospects of employment and commerce | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | prospect | employment and commerce | nom prospect «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/75/