Kinshasa, sentence 92

From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

By 1959, over 40,000 homes had been built following a controlled, segregationist approach, with planning initially led by urban planner Georges Ricquier and later taken over by Maurice Heymans in 1953, while the new city plan preserved European dominance over the historical center (La Gombe), limited expansion to adjacent zones, and promoted industrial development in Limete.

Who acts: new city plan · What happens: build, follow, control, lead, take over, preserve · To what, where: 40,000 homes, planning, 1953, European dominance, historical center, industrial development

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new city plan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 1959	case
2	1959	1959	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 built	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 1959	punct
4	over	over	ADV	_	5 40,000	advmod
5	40,000	40000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 homes	nummod
6	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 built	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 built	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 built	aux:pass
9	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 approach	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 approach	det
12	controlled	control	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 approach	amod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 controlled	punct
14	segregationist	segregationist	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 approach	compound
15	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 built	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 planning	punct
17	with	with	ADP	_	18 planning	case
18	planning	planning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 built	conj
19	initially	initially	ADV	_	20 led	advmod
20	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 planning	acl
21	by	by	ADP	_	23 planner	case
22	urban	urban	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 planner	amod
23	planner	planner	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 led	obl
24	Georges	George	PROPN	Number=Plur	23 planner	appos
25	Ricquier	Ricquier	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Georges	flat
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 taken	cc
27	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	28 taken	advmod
28	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 Georges	conj
29	over	over	ADP	_	28 taken	compound:prt
30	by	by	ADP	_	32 Heymans	case
31	Maurice	Maurice	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 Heymans	compound
32	Heymans	Heyman	PROPN	Number=Plur	28 taken	obl
33	in	in	ADP	_	34 1953	case
34	1953	1953	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 taken	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 preserved	punct
36	while	while	SCONJ	_	41 preserved	mark
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 plan	det
38	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 plan	amod
39	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 plan	compound
40	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 preserved	nsubj
41	preserved	preserve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 built	parataxis
42	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 dominance	amod
43	dominance	dominance	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 preserved	obj
44	over	over	ADP	_	47 center	case
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 center	det
46	historical	historical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 center	amod
47	center	center	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 preserved	obl
48	(	(	PUNCT	_	49 La	punct
49	La	La	PROPN	Number=Sing	47 center	appos
50	Gombe	Gombe	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 La	flat
51	)	)	PUNCT	_	49 La	punct
52	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 expansion	punct
53	limited	limited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 expansion	amod
54	expansion	expansion	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 center	conj
55	to	to	ADP	_	57 zones	case
56	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 zones	amod
57	zones	zone	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 expansion	nmod
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	60 promoted	punct
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	60 promoted	cc
60	promoted	promote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	41 preserved	conj
61	industrial	industrial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 development	amod
62	development	development	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 promoted	obj
63	in	in	ADP	_	64 Limete	case
64	Limete	Limete	PROPN	Number=Sing	60 promoted	obl
65	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 built	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	build	past · perfect · passive		40,000 homes		by 1959; follow a controlled segregationist approach; planning conj	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	control	participle					vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	lead	participle		planning not said here		by urban planner; initially property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by planner=Destination
5	take over	participle			1953	by Maurice Heymans; late property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	preserve	past	the new city plan	European dominance	the historical center and limited expansion to adjacent zones		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dominance=Beneficiary
7	promote	past	the new city plan not said here	industrial development	Limete		vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/92/

🌲 Kinshasa, sentence 92

The tree

Pragmatics

Kinshasa, sentence 92