Kiribati, sentence 152
From Wikipedia, «Kiribati», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Island councils make their own estimates of revenue and expenditure and generally are free from central government controls.
Who acts: Island councils, Council · What happens: make, be, estimate · To what, where: own estimates, central government controls, revenue
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kiribati». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Island councils, Council), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 councils | compound |
| 2 | councils | council | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 make | nsubj |
| 3 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 estimates | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 estimates | amod |
| 6 | estimates | estimate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 make | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 revenue | case |
| 8 | revenue | revenue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 estimates | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 expenditure | cc |
| 10 | expenditure | expenditure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 revenue | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 free | cc |
| 12 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 14 free | advmod |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 free | cop |
| 14 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 make | conj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 controls | case |
| 16 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 controls | amod |
| 17 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 controls | compound |
| 18 | controls | control | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 free | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 make | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Island councils | Council's own estimates of revenue and expenditure | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset estimate=Product | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Island councils not said here | central government controls | free, generally property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | estimate | Council | revenue and expenditure | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kiribati», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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