Laos, sentence 183
From Wikipedia, «Laos», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arrests and torture.
Who acts: Citizens · What happens: criticise, subject, enforce · To what, where: government, Citizens
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Laos». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Citizens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Citizens | citizen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 subjected | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 criticised | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 criticised | aux |
| 4 | criticised | criticise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Citizens | acl:relcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 government | det |
| 6 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 criticised | obj |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 subjected | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 subjected | aux:pass |
| 9 | subjected | subject | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 disappearances | case |
| 11 | enforced | enforce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 disappearances | amod |
| 12 | disappearances | disappearance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 subjected | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 arrests | punct |
| 14 | arrests | arrest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 disappearances | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 torture | cc |
| 16 | torture | torture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 disappearances | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 subjected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | criticise | present · perfect | Citizens | the government | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | subject | present · perfect · passive | Citizens | to enforced disappearances and arrests and torture | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | enforce | participle | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Laos», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Laos/183/