Latvia, sentence 119
From Wikipedia, «Latvia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the second half of the 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev started to introduce political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union that were called glasnost and perestroika.
Who acts: Soviet leader · What happens: start, introduce, call · To what, where: second half, political reforms, Soviet Union · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Latvia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soviet leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 half | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 half | det |
| 3 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 half | amod |
| 4 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 13 started | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 1980s | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 1980s | det |
| 7 | 1980s | 1980s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 4 half | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 leader | punct |
| 9 | Soviet | soviet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 leader | amod |
| 10 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 started | nsubj |
| 11 | Mikhail | Mikhail | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 leader | appos |
| 12 | Gorbachev | Gorbachev | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Mikhail | flat |
| 13 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 introduce | mark |
| 15 | introduce | introduce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 started | xcomp |
| 16 | political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 reforms | amod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 economic | cc |
| 18 | economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 political | conj |
| 19 | reforms | reform | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 introduce | obj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 Union | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Union | det |
| 22 | Soviet | Soviet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Union | compound |
| 23 | Union | Union | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 reforms | nmod |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 called | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 called | aux:pass |
| 26 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 reforms | acl |
| 27 | glasnost | glasnost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 called | xcomp |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 perestroika | cc |
| 29 | perestroika | perestroika | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 glasnost | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past | Soviet leader | the second half of the 1980s | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | introduce | to-infinitive | Soviet leader not said here | political reforms | the Soviet Union | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reform=Patient | |||
| 3 | call | past · passive | political reforms | glasnost and perestroika xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Latvia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Latvia/119/