Lesotho, sentence 132
From Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Constitutionally, legislation refers to laws that have been passed by both houses of parliament and have been assented to by the king (Section 78(1)).
Who acts: legislation, houses, king · What happens: refer, pass, assent · To what, where: laws
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lesotho». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legislation, houses, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constitutionally | constitutionally | ADV | _ | 4 refers | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Constitutionally | punct |
| 3 | legislation | legislation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 refers | nsubj |
| 4 | refers | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 laws | case |
| 6 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 refers | obl |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 passed | obj |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 passed | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 passed | aux:pass |
| 10 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 laws | acl:relcl |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 houses | case |
| 12 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 houses | det |
| 13 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 passed | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 parliament | case |
| 15 | parliament | parliament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 houses | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 assented | cc |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 assented | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 assented | aux:pass |
| 19 | assented | assent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 passed | conj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 assented | obl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 king | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 king | det |
| 23 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 assented | obl |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 Section | punct |
| 25 | Section | section | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 king | appos |
| 26 | 78 | 78 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 Section | flat |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 )) | punct |
| 28 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 )) | nummod |
| 29 | )) | )) | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 78 | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 refers | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | present | legislation | to laws; constitutionally property | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to law=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | pass | present · perfect · passive | both houses of parliament | laws | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | assent | present · perfect · passive | the king | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lesotho/132/