Lesotho, sentence 244
From Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In this regard, Lesotho is part of a minority of African countries that are nation states with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language; the majority of African nations' borders were drawn by colonial powers and do not correspond to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities.
Who acts: Lesotho, that, colonial powers · What happens: be, draw, not correspond · To what, where: part, regard, nation states, majority
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lesotho». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lesotho, that, colonial powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 regard | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 regard | det |
| 3 | regard | regard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 part | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 regard | punct |
| 5 | Lesotho | Lesotho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 part | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 part | cop |
| 7 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 minority | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 minority | det |
| 10 | minority | minority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 part | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 countries | case |
| 12 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 countries | amod |
| 13 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 minority | nmod |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 states | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 states | cop |
| 16 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 states | compound |
| 17 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 countries | nmod |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 group | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 group | det |
| 20 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 group | amod |
| 21 | dominant | dominant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 group | amod |
| 22 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 group | amod |
| 23 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 group | amod |
| 24 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 states | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 language | cc |
| 26 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 group | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 drawn | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 majority | det |
| 29 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 drawn | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 borders | case |
| 31 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 nations | amod |
| 32 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 borders | nmod:poss |
| 33 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 32 nations | case |
| 34 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 majority | nmod |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 drawn | aux:pass |
| 36 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 part | acl |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 powers | case |
| 38 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 powers | amod |
| 39 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 drawn | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 correspond | cc |
| 41 | do | do | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 43 correspond | aux |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 correspond | advmod |
| 43 | correspond | correspond | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 drawn | conj |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 boundaries | case |
| 45 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 boundaries | amod |
| 46 | boundaries | boundary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 correspond | obl |
| 47 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 polities | cc |
| 48 | pre-colonial | pre-colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 polities | amod |
| 49 | polities | polity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 boundaries | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 part | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Lesotho | part | this regard | of a minority of African countries | tree rules | ||
| 2 | is a | present | that | nation states | with a single dominant cultural ethnic group and language | tree rules | |||
| 3 | draw | past · passive | colonial powers | the majority of African nations's borders | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not correspond | infinitive · do-support | colonial powers not said here | to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial polities | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lesotho/244/