Lilongwe, sentence 57
From Wikipedia, «Lilongwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
This was remarkably fast growth and has caused the development of slums around the city.
Who acts: This, fast growth · What happens: be, cause, develop · To what, where: fast growth, development, slums
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lilongwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, fast growth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 growth | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 growth | cop |
| 3 | remarkably | remarkably | ADV | _ | 4 fast | advmod |
| 4 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 growth | amod |
| 5 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | nsubj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 growth | cc |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 caused | aux |
| 8 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 development | det |
| 10 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 slums | case |
| 12 | slums | slum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 development | nmod |
| 13 | around | around | ADP | _ | 15 city | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 city | det |
| 15 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 slums | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | This | fast growth | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cause | present · perfect | fast growth | the development of slums around the city | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition development=Patient | ||||
| 3 | develop | slums around the city | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lilongwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lilongwe/57/