Lima, sentence 120
From Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Also in those years a phenomenon began that changed the configuration of the city, which was the massive immigration of inhabitants from the interior of the country, producing the exponential growth of the capital's population and the consequent urban expansion.
Who acts: phenomenon, that, city, population · What happens: begin, change, be, produce, configure, grow · To what, where: configuration, massive immigration, exponential growth, city
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lima». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (phenomenon, that, city, population), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Also | also | ADV | _ | 7 began | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 years | case |
| 3 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 years | det |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 began | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 phenomenon | det |
| 6 | phenomenon | phenomenon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 began | nsubj |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 changed | nsubj |
| 9 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 began | ccomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 configuration | det |
| 11 | configuration | configuration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 changed | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 city | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 city | det |
| 14 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 configuration | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 immigration | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 immigration | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 immigration | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 immigration | det |
| 19 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 immigration | amod |
| 20 | immigration | immigration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 city | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 inhabitants | case |
| 22 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 immigration | nmod |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 interior | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 interior | det |
| 25 | interior | interior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 inhabitants | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 country | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 country | det |
| 28 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 interior | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 producing | punct |
| 30 | producing | produce | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 changed | advcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 growth | det |
| 32 | exponential | exponential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 growth | amod |
| 33 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 producing | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 population | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 capital | det |
| 36 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 population | nmod:poss |
| 37 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 36 capital | case |
| 38 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 growth | nmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 expansion | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 expansion | det |
| 41 | consequent | consequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 expansion | amod |
| 42 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 expansion | amod |
| 43 | expansion | expansion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 growth | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | a phenomenon | year | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | change | past | that | the configuration of the city | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent configuration=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | the city | the massive immigration | of inhabitants from the interior of the country | tree rules | |||
| 4 | produce | gerund | that not said here | the exponential growth of the capital's population and the consequent urban expansion | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Result | ||||
| 5 | configure | the city | nom configuration «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | grow | the capital's population | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lima/120/