Lima, sentence 51

From Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

This assumption has been criticized, including by the historian Åke Wedin, because hunu can also mean countless, and therefore could simply refer to a very large group of men.

Who acts: Åke, hunu · What happens: criticize, include, mean, refer · To what, where: assumption

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lima». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Åke, hunu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 assumption	det
2	assumption	assumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 criticized	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 criticized	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 criticized	aux:pass
5	criticized	criticize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Åke	punct
7	including	include	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 Åke	case
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 historian	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 historian	det
10	historian	historian	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 including	obl
11	Åke	Åke	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 criticized	obl:agent
12	Wedin	Wedin	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Åke	flat
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 mean	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 mean	mark
15	hunu	hunu	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 mean	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 mean	aux
17	also	also	ADV	_	18 mean	advmod
18	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 criticized	parataxis
19	countless	countless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 mean	xcomp
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 refer	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 refer	cc
22	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	25 refer	advmod
23	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 refer	aux
24	simply	simply	ADV	_	25 refer	advmod
25	refer	refer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 criticized	conj
26	to	to	ADP	_	30 group	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 group	det
28	very	very	ADV	_	29 large	advmod
29	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 group	amod
30	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 refer	obl
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 men	case
32	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 group	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 criticized	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	criticize	present · perfect · passive	Åke	this assumption		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	include	gerund			by the historian	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by historian=Location
3	mean	can	hunu		countless property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	refer	could	Åke not said here		to a large group of men; simply, therefore property	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to group=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lima», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lima/51/

🌲 Lima, sentence 51

The tree

Pragmatics

Lima, sentence 51