Ljubljana, sentence 101
From Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Since 1985, the commemorative trail has ringed the city where this iron fence once stood.
Who acts: iron fence · What happens: ring, stand · To what, where: commemorative trail
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iron fence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 2 1985 | case |
| 2 | 1985 | 1985 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 ringed | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1985 | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 trail | det |
| 5 | commemorative | commemorative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 trail | amod |
| 6 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ringed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 ringed | aux |
| 8 | ringed | ring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 city | det |
| 10 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ringed | obj |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 16 stood | advmod |
| 12 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 fence | det |
| 13 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fence | compound |
| 14 | fence | fence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stood | nsubj |
| 15 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 stood | advmod |
| 16 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 city | acl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 ringed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ring | present · perfect · passive | the commemorative trail | since 1985 | the city obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | stand | past | this iron fence | once property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ljubljana/101/