Ljubljana, sentence 480
From Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The historical Ljubljana tram system was completed in 1901 and was replaced by buses in 1928, which were in turn abolished and replaced by trams in 1931 with its final length of 18.5 km in 1940.
What happens: complete, replace, be, abolish · To what, where: historical Ljubljana tram system, 1901, 1928, turn, 1931
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ljubljana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 system | det |
| 2 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 system | amod |
| 3 | Ljubljana | Ljubljana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 system | compound |
| 4 | tram | tram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 system | compound |
| 5 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 completed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 completed | aux:pass |
| 7 | completed | complete | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 1901 | case |
| 9 | 1901 | 1901 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 completed | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 replaced | cc |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 replaced | aux:pass |
| 12 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 completed | conj |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 buses | case |
| 14 | buses | bus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 replaced | obl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 1928 | case |
| 16 | 1928 | 1928 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 replaced | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 turn | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 turn | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 turn | cop |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 turn | case |
| 21 | turn | turn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 replaced | parataxis |
| 22 | abolished | abolish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 turn | acl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 replaced | cc |
| 24 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 abolished | conj |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 trams | case |
| 26 | trams | tram | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 replaced | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 1931 | case |
| 28 | 1931 | 1931 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 abolished | obl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 length | case |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 length | nmod:poss |
| 31 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 length | amod |
| 32 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 abolished | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 km | case |
| 34 | 18.5 | 18.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 km | nummod |
| 35 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 length | nmod |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 1940 | case |
| 37 | 1940 | 1940 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 km | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 completed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | complete | past · passive | the historical Ljubljana tram system | 1901 | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | replace | past · passive | 1928 | by buses | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme» | ||||
| 3 | is | past | turn | which nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | abolish | participle | turn not said here | 1931 | with system's final length of 18.5 km in 1940 | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | replace | participle | by trams | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ljubljana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ljubljana/480/