London, sentence 17
From Wikipedia, «London», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The London metropolitan area is the third-most-populous in Europe, with about 15 million inhabitants as of 2025, making London a megacity.
Who acts: London metropolitan area · What happens: be, make · To what, where: third populous, Europe, megacity, London
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «London». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (London metropolitan area), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 area | det |
| 2 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 area | compound |
| 3 | metropolitan | metropolitan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 area | compound |
| 4 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 populous | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 populous | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 populous | det |
| 7 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 11 populous | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 third | punct |
| 9 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 11 populous | advmod |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 most | punct |
| 11 | populous | populace | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Europe | case |
| 13 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 populous | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 inhabitants | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 inhabitants | case |
| 16 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 million | advmod |
| 17 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 million | compound |
| 18 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 inhabitants | nummod |
| 19 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 populous | conj |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 22 2025 | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 as | fixed |
| 22 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 inhabitants | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 making | punct |
| 24 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 populous | conj |
| 25 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 making | obj |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 megacity | det |
| 27 | megacity | megacity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 making | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 populous | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the London metropolitan area | the third populous and million inhabitants as 2025 | Europe | million inhabitants as 2025 conj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | make | gerund | the London metropolitan area not said here | a megacity | London | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset london=Beneficiary megacity=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «London», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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