Lusaka, sentence 112
From Wikipedia, «Lusaka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the early days of independence, with high revenues from copper exports, economists described Zambia as a "middle-income country" with the potential to become fully developed.
Who acts: economists · What happens: describe, become, develop · To what, where: Zambia
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lusaka». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (economists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 days | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 days | det |
| 3 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 days | amod |
| 4 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 described | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 independence | case |
| 6 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 days | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 revenues | punct |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 revenues | case |
| 9 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 revenues | amod |
| 10 | revenues | revenue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 days | conj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 exports | case |
| 12 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 exports | compound |
| 13 | exports | export | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 revenues | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 days | punct |
| 15 | economists | economist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 described | nsubj |
| 16 | described | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | Zambia | Zambia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 described | obj |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 country | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 country | det |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 country | punct |
| 21 | middle | middle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 income | amod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 middle | punct |
| 23 | income | income | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 country | compound |
| 24 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 described | obl |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 country | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 potential | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 potential | det |
| 28 | potential | potential | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 described | obl |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 become | mark |
| 30 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 described | advcl |
| 31 | fully | fully | ADV | _ | 32 developed | advmod |
| 32 | developed | develop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 become | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 described | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | past | economists | Zambia | day | as a income country; with the potential | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent zambia=Theme as country=Attribute | ||
| 2 | become | to-infinitive | economists not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | develop | participle | economists not said here | fully property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Lusaka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lusaka/112/