Luxembourg, sentence 23
From Wikipedia, «Luxembourg», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In around 58 to 51 BC, the Romans invaded the country when Julius Caesar conquered Gaul and part of Germania up to the Rhine border, thus the area of what is now Luxembourg became part of the Roman Empire for the next 450 years, living in relative peace under the Pax Romana.
Who acts: Romans, Julius, Luxembourg · What happens: invade, conquer up, be, live · To what, where: country, 58, Gaul, part, relative peace
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luxembourg». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romans, Julius, Luxembourg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 58 | case |
| 2 | around | around | ADV | _ | 3 58 | advmod |
| 3 | 58 | 58 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 invaded | obl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 51 | case |
| 5 | 51 | 51 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 58 | nmod |
| 6 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 51 | nmod:unmarked |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 58 | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Romans | det |
| 9 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 invaded | nsubj |
| 10 | invaded | invade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 country | det |
| 12 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 invaded | obj |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 conquered | advmod |
| 14 | Julius | Julius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 conquered | nsubj |
| 15 | Caesar | Caesar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Julius | flat |
| 16 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 invaded | advcl |
| 17 | Gaul | Gaul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 conquered | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 part | cc |
| 19 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 conquered | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Germania | case |
| 21 | Germania | Germania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 part | nmod |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 conquered | compound:prt |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 border | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 border | det |
| 25 | Rhine | Rhine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 border | compound |
| 26 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 conquered | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 area | punct |
| 28 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 30 area | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 area | det |
| 30 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 border | appos |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 what | case |
| 32 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 area | nmod |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 became | cop |
| 34 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 became | advmod |
| 35 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 became | nsubj |
| 36 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 what | acl:relcl |
| 37 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 became | xcomp |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Empire | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Empire | det |
| 40 | Roman | Roman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Empire | compound |
| 41 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 part | nmod |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 46 years | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 years | det |
| 44 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 years | amod |
| 45 | 450 | 450 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 46 years | nummod |
| 46 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 became | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 living | punct |
| 48 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 became | advcl |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 51 peace | case |
| 50 | relative | relative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 peace | amod |
| 51 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 living | obl |
| 52 | under | under | ADP | _ | 55 Romana | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Romana | det |
| 54 | Pax | Pax | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Romana | compound |
| 55 | Romana | Romana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 peace | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 invaded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invade | past | the Romans | the country | 58 to 51 BC | tree rules | |||
| 2 | conquer up | past | Julius | Gaul | to the Rhine border; part of Germania conj | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gaul=Patient | |||
| 3 | is | present | Luxembourg | part of the Roman Empire | now; year | become property | tree rules | ||
| 4 | live | gerund | Luxembourg not said here | relative peace under the Pax Romana | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in peace=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Luxembourg», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg/23/