Luxembourg, sentence 69
From Wikipedia, «Luxembourg», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Luxembourg's long defence led Lazare Carnot to call Luxembourg "the best fortress in the world, except Gibraltar", giving rise to the city's nickname the Gibraltar of the North.
Who acts: long defence, Lazare, Luxembourg, city · What happens: lead, call, give, defend, nickname · To what, where: Lazare, Luxembourg, rise, Gibraltar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luxembourg». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long defence, Lazare, Luxembourg, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 defence | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Luxembourg | case |
| 3 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 defence | amod |
| 4 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 led | nsubj |
| 5 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Lazare | Lazare | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 led | obj |
| 7 | Carnot | Carnot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Lazare | flat |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 call | mark |
| 9 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 led | xcomp |
| 10 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 call | obj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 fortress | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 fortress | det |
| 13 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 fortress | amod |
| 14 | fortress | fortress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 call | xcomp |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 world | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 world | det |
| 17 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fortress | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Gibraltar | punct |
| 19 | except | except | ADP | _ | 20 Gibraltar | case |
| 20 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 fortress | appos |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 Gibraltar | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 giving | punct |
| 23 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 call | advcl |
| 24 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 giving | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 nickname | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 city | det |
| 27 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 nickname | nmod:poss |
| 28 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 27 city | case |
| 29 | nickname | nickname | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 giving | obl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Gibraltar | det |
| 31 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 giving | iobj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 North | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 North | det |
| 34 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Gibraltar | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | Luxembourg's long defence | Lazare | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent lazare=Patient clause=Result | ||||
| 2 | call | to-infinitive | Lazare not said here | Luxembourg | the best fortress in the world xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent luxembourg=Recipient | |||
| 3 | give | gerund | Lazare not said here | rise | the Gibraltar of the North | to the city's nickname | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent gibraltar=Recipient rise=Theme | ||
| 4 | defend | Luxembourg | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 5 | nickname | the city | nom nickname «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Luxembourg», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg/69/