Luxembourg City, sentence 39
From Wikipedia, «Luxembourg City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only, became a truly independent country, and Luxembourg City regained some of the importance that it had lost in 1867 by becoming the capital of a fully independent state.
Who acts: Luxembourg · What happens: be, become, regain, lose · To what, where: theory, independent country, some, Duchy, 1867, capital
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Luxembourg City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Luxembourg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 14 became | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Thus | punct |
| 3 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 became | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 independent | punct |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 independent | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 independent | aux |
| 7 | hitherto | hitherto | ADV | _ | 9 independent | advmod |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 independent | cop |
| 9 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Luxembourg | amod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 theory | case |
| 11 | theory | theory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 independent | obl |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 theory | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Luxembourg | punct |
| 14 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 country | det |
| 16 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 17 independent | advmod |
| 17 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 country | amod |
| 18 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 became | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 regained | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 regained | cc |
| 21 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 regained | nsubj |
| 22 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Luxembourg | flat |
| 23 | regained | regain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 became | conj |
| 24 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 regained | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 importance | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 importance | det |
| 27 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 some | nmod |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 lost | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 lost | aux |
| 31 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 regained | advcl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 1867 | case |
| 33 | 1867 | 1867 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 lost | obl |
| 34 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 35 becoming | mark |
| 35 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 lost | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 capital | det |
| 37 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 becoming | xcomp |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 state | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 state | det |
| 40 | fully | fully | ADV | _ | 41 independent | advmod |
| 41 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 state | amod |
| 42 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 capital | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 became | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · perfect | Luxembourg | theory | hitherto, independent property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | become | past | Luxembourg | a independent country | thus property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 3 | regain | past | Luxembourg | some of the importance | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lose | past · perfect · passive | Duchy | 1867 | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | become | gerund | the capital of a independent state | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Luxembourg City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Luxembourg_City/39/