Madagascar, sentence 212
From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Mid-2021 marked the beginning of the 2021–2022 Madagascar famine, which, due to a severe drought, caused hundreds of thousands of people to face food insecurity and leaving over one million on the verge of famine.
Who acts: Mid-2021, hundreds · What happens: mark, cause, face, leave over, begin · To what, where: beginning, hundreds, food insecurity, one million, verge, 2021 Madagascar famine
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mid-2021, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mid-2021 | Mid-2021 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 marked | nsubj |
| 2 | marked | mark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 beginning | det |
| 4 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 marked | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 famine | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 famine | det |
| 7 | 2021 | 2021 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 famine | compound |
| 8 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 9 2022 | case |
| 9 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 2021 | nmod |
| 10 | Madagascar | Madagascar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 famine | compound |
| 11 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 beginning | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 drought | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 drought | nsubj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 which | punct |
| 15 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 19 drought | case |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 due | fixed |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 drought | det |
| 18 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 drought | amod |
| 19 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 famine | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 caused | punct |
| 21 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 marked | conj |
| 22 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 caused | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 thousands | case |
| 24 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 hundreds | nmod |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 people | case |
| 26 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 thousands | nmod |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 face | mark |
| 28 | face | face | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 caused | xcomp |
| 29 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 insecurity | compound |
| 30 | insecurity | insecurity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 face | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 leaving | cc |
| 32 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 face | advcl |
| 33 | over | over | ADV | _ | 35 million | advmod |
| 34 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 million | compound |
| 35 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 leaving | obj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 verge | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 verge | det |
| 38 | verge | verge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 leaving | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 famine | case |
| 40 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 verge | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 marked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mark | past | Mid-2021 | the beginning of the 2021 Madagascar famine and a severe drought the 2021 Madagascar famine and a severe drought | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent beginning=Destination | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | Mid-2021 not said here | hundreds of thousands of people | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | face | to-infinitive | hundreds of thousands of people not said here | food insecurity | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme insecurity=Destination | ||||
| 4 | leave over | gerund | hundreds of thousands of people not said here | one million | the verge of famine | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent million=Theme on verge=Location | |||
| 5 | begin | the 2021 Madagascar famine and a severe drought the 2021 Madagascar famine and a severe drought the 2021 Madagascar famine | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/212/