Madagascar, sentence 275

From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservation is challenged by the illicit harvesting of protected forests, as well as the state-sanctioned harvesting of precious woods within national parks.

Who acts: illicit harvesting · What happens: challenge, protect, sanction, harvest · To what, where: wildlife conservation, addition, protected forests, precious woods

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illicit harvesting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 addition	case
2	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 challenged	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 practice	case
4	traditional	traditional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 practice	amod
5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 practice	amod
6	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 addition	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 addition	punct
8	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 conservation	compound
9	conservation	conservation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 challenged	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 challenged	aux:pass
11	challenged	challenge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	by	by	ADP	_	15 harvesting	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 harvesting	det
14	illicit	illicit	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 harvesting	amod
15	harvesting	harvesting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 challenged	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 forests	case
17	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 forests	amod
18	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 harvesting	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 harvesting	punct
20	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	27 harvesting	cc
21	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	20 as	fixed
22	as	as	ADP	_	20 as	fixed
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 harvesting	det
24	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 sanctioned	compound
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	24 state	punct
26	sanctioned	sanction	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 harvesting	amod
27	harvesting	harvesting	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 harvesting	conj
28	of	of	ADP	_	30 woods	case
29	precious	precious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 woods	amod
30	woods	wood	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 harvesting	nmod
31	within	within	ADP	_	33 parks	case
32	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 parks	amod
33	parks	park	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 challenged	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 challenged	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	challenge	present · passive	the illicit harvesting of protected forests as the sanctioned harvesting of precious woods	wildlife conservation	addition to traditional agricultural practice	within national parks	tree rules
2	protect	participle					vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
3	sanction	participle				state compound	vn allow-64.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
4	harvest			protected forests			nom harvesting «act transitive»: of=patient
5	harvest			precious woods			nom harvesting «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/275/

🌲 Madagascar, sentence 275

The tree

Pragmatics

Madagascar, sentence 275