Madagascar, sentence 331
From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The armed forces are under the direction of the Minister of Defense and have remained largely neutral during times of political crisis, as during the protracted standoff between incumbent Ratsiraka and challenger Ravalomanana in the disputed 2001 presidential elections, when the military refused to intervene in favor of either candidate.
Who acts: armed forces, military · What happens: be, remain, protract, dispute, refuse, not intervene · To what, where: direction, favor, candidate
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (armed forces, military), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 forces | det |
| 2 | armed | armed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 forces | amod |
| 3 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 direction | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 direction | cop |
| 5 | under | under | ADP | _ | 7 direction | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 direction | det |
| 7 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Minister | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Minister | det |
| 10 | Minister | Minister | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 direction | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Defense | case |
| 12 | Defense | Defense | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Minister | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 remained | cc |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 remained | aux |
| 15 | remained | remain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 direction | conj |
| 16 | largely | largely | ADV | _ | 17 neutral | advmod |
| 17 | neutral | neutral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 remained | xcomp |
| 18 | during | during | ADP | _ | 19 times | case |
| 19 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 neutral | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 crisis | case |
| 21 | political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 crisis | amod |
| 22 | crisis | crisis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 times | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 standoff | punct |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 standoff | case |
| 25 | during | during | ADP | _ | 28 standoff | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 standoff | det |
| 27 | protracted | protract | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 standoff | amod |
| 28 | standoff | standoff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 remained | parataxis |
| 29 | between | between | ADP | _ | 30 incumbent | case |
| 30 | incumbent | incumbent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 standoff | nmod |
| 31 | Ratsiraka | Ratsiraka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 incumbent | appos |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 challenger | cc |
| 33 | challenger | challenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Ratsiraka | conj |
| 34 | Ravalomanana | Ravalomanana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Ratsiraka | flat |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 elections | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 elections | det |
| 37 | disputed | dispute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 elections | amod |
| 38 | 2001 | 2001 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 elections | compound |
| 39 | presidential | presidential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 elections | amod |
| 40 | elections | election | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 standoff | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 refused | punct |
| 42 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 45 refused | advmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 military | det |
| 44 | military | military | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 refused | nsubj |
| 45 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 standoff | acl:relcl |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 intervene | mark |
| 47 | intervene | intervene | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 refused | xcomp |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 favor | case |
| 49 | favor | favor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 intervene | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 candidate | case |
| 51 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 52 candidate | det |
| 52 | candidate | candidate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 favor | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 direction | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the armed forces | the direction | of the Minister of Defense | tree rules | |||
| 2 | remain | present · perfect | the armed forces not said here | the protracted standoff between incumbent in the disputed 2001 presidential elections parataxis; neutral property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | protract | participle | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | dispute | participle | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | refuse | past | the military | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | not intervene | to-infinitive | the military not said here | favor of either candidate | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | favor | either candidate | nom favor «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/331/