Madagascar, sentence 52
From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
According to the General History of Africa, these first settlers, the tompontany (masters of the soil/land), are thought to have been the Kimosy in south-central Madagascar, the Antevinany in the southeast, the Antankoala and Kajemby in the northwest, and the Rasikajy in the northeast.
What happens: accord, think, be · To what, where: Kimosy, central Madagascar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | According | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 History | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 According | fixed |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 History | det |
| 4 | General | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 History | amod |
| 5 | History | History | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 thought | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Africa | case |
| 7 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 History | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 settlers | punct |
| 9 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 11 settlers | det |
| 10 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 11 settlers | amod |
| 11 | settlers | settler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 History | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tompontany | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 tompontany | det |
| 14 | tompontany | tompontany | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 History | conj |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 masters | punct |
| 16 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tompontany | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 soil/land | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 soil/land | det |
| 19 | soil/land | soil/land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 masters | nmod |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 masters | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 History | punct |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 thought | aux:pass |
| 23 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 Kimosy | mark |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 Kimosy | aux |
| 26 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 Kimosy | cop |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Kimosy | det |
| 28 | Kimosy | Kimosy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 thought | ccomp |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 Madagascar | case |
| 30 | south | south | ADV | _ | 32 central | advmod |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 south | punct |
| 32 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Madagascar | amod |
| 33 | Madagascar | Madagascar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Kimosy | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Antevinany | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Antevinany | det |
| 36 | Antevinany | Antevinany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Kimosy | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 southeast | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 southeast | det |
| 39 | southeast | southeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 Antevinany | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Antankoala | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Antankoala | det |
| 42 | Antankoala | Antankoala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Kimosy | conj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 Kajemby | cc |
| 44 | Kajemby | Kajemby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Antankoala | conj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 northwest | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 northwest | det |
| 47 | northwest | northwest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Antankoala | nmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 Rasikajy | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 Rasikajy | cc |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Rasikajy | det |
| 51 | Rasikajy | Rasikajy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 thought | ccomp |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 northeast | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 northeast | det |
| 54 | northeast | northeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 Rasikajy | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present · passive | accord the General History of Africa and this first settlers and the tompontany; the Rasikajy in the northeast ccomp | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 3 | is a | to-infinitive · perfect | the Kimosy and the Antevinany in the southeast and the Antankoala in the northwest and Kajemby | central Madagascar | the Antevinany in the southeast conj; the Antankoala in the northwest and Kajemby conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/52/