Madagascar, sentence 64
From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
An Arab geographer wrote in 1224 that the island consisted of a great many towns and kingdoms, with kings making war on each other.
Who acts: Arab geographer, island, kings · What happens: write, consist, make · To what, where: 1224, war, each
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arab geographer, island, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 geographer | det |
| 2 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 geographer | amod |
| 3 | geographer | geographer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wrote | nsubj |
| 4 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1224 | case |
| 6 | 1224 | 1224 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 wrote | obl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 consisted | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 island | det |
| 9 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 consisted | nsubj |
| 10 | consisted | consist | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 wrote | ccomp |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 towns | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 towns | det |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 towns | amod |
| 14 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 towns | amod |
| 15 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 consisted | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 kingdoms | cc |
| 17 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 towns | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 kings | punct |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 kings | case |
| 20 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 consisted | parataxis |
| 21 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 kings | acl |
| 22 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 making | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 each | case |
| 24 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 21 making | obl |
| 25 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 each | fixed |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wrote | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | a Arab geographer | 1224 | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | consist | participle | the island | of a great many towns and kingdoms; kings parataxis | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | make | gerund | kings not said here | war | each | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset war=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/64/