Madagascar, sentence 96
From Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the Central Highlands, Merina traditions hold that they encountered the Vazimba when gradually settling the highlands from the southeast, thought to have been completed by the 15th century.
Who acts: Merina traditions, traditions · What happens: hold, encounter, settle, think, complete · To what, where: Central Highlands, Vazimba, highlands, southeast
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Madagascar». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Merina traditions, traditions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 Highlands | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Highlands | det |
| 3 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Highlands | flat |
| 4 | Highlands | Highlands | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 hold | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Highlands | punct |
| 6 | Merina | Merina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 traditions | compound |
| 7 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 hold | nsubj |
| 8 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 encountered | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 encountered | nsubj |
| 11 | encountered | encounter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 hold | ccomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Vazimba | det |
| 13 | Vazimba | Vazimba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 encountered | obj |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 settling | advmod |
| 15 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 16 settling | advmod |
| 16 | settling | settle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 encountered | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 highlands | det |
| 18 | highlands | highland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 settling | obj |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 southeast | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 southeast | det |
| 21 | southeast | southeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 highlands | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 thought | punct |
| 23 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 highlands | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 completed | mark |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 completed | aux |
| 26 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 completed | aux:pass |
| 27 | completed | complete | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 thought | xcomp |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 century | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 century | det |
| 30 | 15th | 15th | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 century | amod |
| 31 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 completed | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | Merina traditions | the Central Highlands | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | encounter | past | traditions = tradition | the Vazimba | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vazimba=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | settle | gerund | traditions = tradition not said here | the highlands | the southeast | gradually property | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme highland=Location | ||
| 4 | think speech: other | participle | traditions = tradition not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | complete | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | traditions = tradition not said here | century | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Madagascar», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Madagascar/96/