Malawi, sentence 168
From Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% ethanol, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel.
Who acts: country · What happens: begin, mix, produce, reduce, import · To what, where: 2006, unleaded petrol, % ethanol, country, dependence, imported fuel
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malawi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Beginning | begin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 began | advcl |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 2006 | case |
| 3 | 2006 | 2006 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 1 Beginning | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Beginning | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 country | det |
| 6 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 began | nsubj |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | mixing | mix | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 began | xcomp |
| 9 | unleaded | unleaded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 petrol | amod |
| 10 | petrol | petrol | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mixing | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 ethanol | case |
| 12 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 % | nummod |
| 13 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 14 ethanol | compound |
| 14 | ethanol | ethanol | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 mixing | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 produced | punct |
| 16 | produced | produce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 ethanol | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 country | case |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 in | punct |
| 19 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 produced | obl |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 plants | case |
| 21 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 plants | nummod |
| 22 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 produced | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 reduce | punct |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 reduce | mark |
| 25 | reduce | reduce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 mixing | advcl |
| 26 | dependence | dependence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 reduce | obj |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 fuel | case |
| 28 | imported | import | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 fuel | amod |
| 29 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 reduce | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | gerund | the country not said here | 2006 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | the country | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | mix | gerund | the country not said here | unleaded petrol | with % ethanol | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent petrol=Patient with ethanol=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | produce | participle | % ethanol not said here | country | at two plants | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | reduce | to-infinitive | the country not said here | dependence | imported fuel | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dependence=Patient | |||
| 6 | import | participle | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malawi/168/