Malawi, sentence 182
From Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as paprika.
Who acts: Malawi · What happens: encourage · To what, where: farmers
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malawi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Malawi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 4 rise | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 Due | fixed |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 rise | det |
| 4 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 encouraging | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 costs | case |
| 6 | costs | cost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 rise | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 decline | cc |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 decline | det |
| 9 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rise | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 prices | case |
| 11 | sales | sale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 prices | compound |
| 12 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 decline | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 rise | punct |
| 14 | Malawi | Malawi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 encouraging | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 encouraging | aux |
| 16 | encouraging | encourage | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 17 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 encouraging | obj |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 encouraging | advmod |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 tobacco | case |
| 20 | tobacco | tobacco | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 away | obl |
| 21 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 24 crops | case |
| 22 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 23 profitable | advmod |
| 23 | profitable | profitable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 crops | amod |
| 24 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 encouraging | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 spices | punct |
| 26 | including | including | ADP | _ | 27 spices | case |
| 27 | spices | spice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 crops | conj |
| 28 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 30 paprika | case |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 such | fixed |
| 30 | paprika | paprika | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 spices | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 encouraging | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encourage | present · progressive | Malawi | farmers | due a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices; towards profitable crops and spices such paprika; away property | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farmer=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malawi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malawi/182/