Malaysia, sentence 64
From Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
By the 20th century, the states of Pahang, Selangor, Perak, and Negeri Sembilan, known together as the Federated Malay States, had British residents appointed to advise the Malay rulers, to whom the rulers were bound to defer by treaty.
Who acts: British residents · What happens: know, federate, have, appoint, advise, bind · To what, where: Negeri, Malay rulers, rulers
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malaysia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British residents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 3 | 20th | 20th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 4 century | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 had | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 states | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 states | det |
| 7 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 century | appos |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Pahang | case |
| 9 | Pahang | Pahang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 states | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Selangor | punct |
| 11 | Selangor | Selangor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Pahang | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Perak | punct |
| 13 | Perak | Perak | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Pahang | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Negeri | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Negeri | cc |
| 16 | Negeri | Negeri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Pahang | conj |
| 17 | Sembilan | Sembilan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Negeri | flat |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 known | punct |
| 19 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 Negeri | acl |
| 20 | together | together | ADV | _ | 19 known | advmod |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 States | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 States | det |
| 23 | Federated | federate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 States | amod |
| 24 | Malay | Malay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 States | compound |
| 25 | States | State | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 known | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 century | punct |
| 27 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 residents | amod |
| 29 | residents | resident | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 appointed | nsubj |
| 30 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 had | ccomp |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 advise | mark |
| 32 | advise | advise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 appointed | xcomp |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 rulers | det |
| 34 | Malay | Malay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 rulers | compound |
| 35 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 advise | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 bound | punct |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 whom | case |
| 38 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 bound | obl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 rulers | det |
| 40 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 bound | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 bound | aux:pass |
| 42 | bound | bind | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 advise | advcl |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 defer | mark |
| 44 | defer | defer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 bound | xcomp |
| 45 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 treaty | case |
| 46 | treaty | treaty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 defer | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | participle | Negeri not said here | as the Federated Malay States; together property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as state=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | federate | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | have | past | century | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | appoint | past | British residents | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | advise speech: other | to-infinitive | British residents not said here | the Malay rulers | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ruler=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | bind | past · passive | the rulers | whom obl | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | defer | to-infinitive | by treaty | vn acquiesce-95.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malaysia/64/