Malaysia, sentence 67
From Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged.
Who acts: Chinese Indians · What happens: serve, encourage, immigrate · To what, where: immigration, British rule
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malaysia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Under | under | ADP | _ | 3 rule | case |
| 2 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rule | amod |
| 3 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 encouraged | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 immigration | det |
| 5 | immigration | immigration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 encouraged | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Indians | case |
| 7 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Indians | amod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Indians | cc |
| 9 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 immigration | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 serve | mark |
| 11 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 immigration | acl |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 labourers | case |
| 13 | labourers | labourer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 serve | obl |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 encouraged | aux:pass |
| 15 | encouraged | encourage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 encouraged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | serve | to-infinitive | the immigration of Chinese Indians not said here | as labourers | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as labourer=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | encourage | past · passive | the immigration of Chinese Indians | British rule | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | immigrate | Chinese Indians | nom immigration «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malaysia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malaysia/67/