Malta, sentence 22
From Wikipedia, «Malta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Alternatively, other scholars argue for derivation of the Greek name from an original Phoenician or Punic (,), meaning "haven", "refuge" or "port", in reference to the Grand Harbour and its primary settlement at Cospicua following the sea level rise that separated the Maltese islands and flooded their original coastal settlements in the 10th century BC.
Who acts: other scholars, primary settlement, level rise · What happens: argue, mean, follow, separate, flood · To what, where: original Phoenician, haven, level rise, Maltese islands, original coastal settlements
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other scholars, primary settlement, level rise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alternatively | alternatively | ADV | _ | 5 argue | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Alternatively | punct |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 scholars | amod |
| 4 | scholars | scholar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 argue | nsubj |
| 5 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 derivation | case |
| 7 | derivation | derivation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 argue | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 name | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 name | det |
| 10 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 name | amod |
| 11 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 derivation | nmod |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 Phoenician | case |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 Phoenician | det |
| 14 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Phoenician | amod |
| 15 | Phoenician | phoenician | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 argue | obl |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 Punic | cc |
| 17 | Punic | punic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Phoenician | conj |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 Punic | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 ( | punct |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 Punic | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 meaning | punct |
| 22 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 argue | advcl |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 haven | punct |
| 24 | haven | haven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 meaning | obj |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 haven | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 refuge | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 refuge | punct |
| 28 | refuge | refuge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 meaning | obl |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 refuge | punct |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 port | cc |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 port | punct |
| 32 | port | port | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 refuge | conj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 port | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 reference | punct |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 reference | case |
| 36 | reference | reference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 meaning | obl |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 Harbour | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Harbour | det |
| 39 | Grand | Grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 Harbour | amod |
| 40 | Harbour | Harbour | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 reference | nmod |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 settlement | cc |
| 42 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 settlement | nmod:poss |
| 43 | primary | primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 settlement | amod |
| 44 | settlement | settlement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 Harbour | conj |
| 45 | at | at | ADP | _ | 46 Cospicua | case |
| 46 | Cospicua | Cospicua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 settlement | nmod |
| 47 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 settlement | acl |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 rise | det |
| 49 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 level | compound |
| 50 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 rise | compound |
| 51 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 following | obj |
| 52 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 separated | nsubj |
| 53 | separated | separate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 rise | acl:relcl |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 islands | det |
| 55 | Maltese | maltese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 islands | amod |
| 56 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 separated | obj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 flooded | cc |
| 58 | flooded | flood | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 separated | conj |
| 59 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 settlements | nmod:poss |
| 60 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 settlements | amod |
| 61 | coastal | coastal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 settlements | amod |
| 62 | settlements | settlement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 flooded | obj |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 66 century | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 century | det |
| 65 | 10th | 10th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 66 century | amod |
| 66 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 flooded | obl |
| 67 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 century | appos |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 argue | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | argue speech: disagree | present | other scholars | a original Phoenician | for derivation of the Greek name; alternatively property | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | mean | gerund | other scholars not said here | haven | in reference to the Grand Harbour and name's primary settlement at Cospicua; refuge or port obl | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot haven=Theme in reference=Attribute | |||
| 3 | follow | gerund | name's primary settlement at Cospicua not said here | the level rise | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rise=Theme | ||||
| 4 | separate | past | the level rise | the Maltese islands | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Patient | ||||
| 5 | flood | past | the level rise not said here | scholars's original coastal settlements | century | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent settlement=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malta/22/