Malta, sentence 59

From Wikipedia, «Malta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The Muslim chronicler and geographer Ibn ʿAbd al-Munʿim al-Ḥimyarī recounts that, in 870, following a violent struggle against the defending Byzantines, the Arab invaders, first led by Halaf al-Hadim and later by Sawada ibn Muhammad, pillaged the island, destroying the most important buildings and leaving it practically uninhabited until it was recolonized by the Arabs from Sicily in 1048–1049.

Who acts: Ibn ʿAbd, Arabs · What happens: recount, follow, defend, lead, pillage, destroy · To what, where: that, 870, violent struggle, defending Byzantines, island, important buildings

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Malta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ibn ʿAbd, Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chronicler	det
2	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 chronicler	amod
3	chronicler	chronicler	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ʿAbd	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 geographer	cc
5	geographer	geographer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chronicler	conj
6	Ibn	Ibn	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 ʿAbd	compound
7	ʿAbd	ʿAbd	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 recounts	nsubj
8	al	Al	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 ʿAbd	flat
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 Munʿim	punct
10	Munʿim	Munʿim	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 ʿAbd	flat
11	al	Al	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Munʿim	flat
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 Ḥimyarī	punct
13	Ḥimyarī	Ḥimyarī	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Munʿim	conj
14	recounts	recount	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 recounts	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 870	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 870	case
18	870	870	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 recounts	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 following	punct
20	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 recounts	advcl
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 struggle	det
22	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 struggle	amod
23	struggle	struggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 following	obj
24	against	against	ADP	_	27 Byzantines	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Byzantines	det
26	defending	defend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 Byzantines	amod
27	Byzantines	Byzantine	PROPN	Number=Plur	23 struggle	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 invaders	punct
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 invaders	det
30	Arab	Arab	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 invaders	amod
31	invaders	invader	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 Byzantines	conj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 led	punct
33	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	34 led	advmod
34	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 Byzantines	acl
35	by	by	ADP	_	36 Halaf	case
36	Halaf	Halaf	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 led	obl
37	al	Al	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 Halaf	flat
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	39 Hadim	punct
39	Hadim	Hadim	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 Halaf	conj
40	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 pillaged	cc
41	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	47 pillaged	advmod
42	by	by	ADP	_	43 Sawada	case
43	Sawada	Sawada	PROPN	Number=Sing	47 pillaged	obl
44	ibn	Ibn	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 Sawada	flat
45	Muhammad	Muhammad	PROPN	Number=Sing	44 ibn	flat
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 Sawada	punct
47	pillaged	pillage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 Halaf	conj
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 island	det
49	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 pillaged	obj
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 destroying	punct
51	destroying	destroy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 recounts	advcl
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	55 buildings	det
53	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	54 important	advmod
54	important	important	ADJ	Degree=Pos	55 buildings	amod
55	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 destroying	obj
56	and	and	CCONJ	_	57 leaving	cc
57	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	51 destroying	conj
58	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	57 leaving	obj
59	practically	practically	ADV	_	60 uninhabited	advmod
60	uninhabited	uninhabited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 leaving	xcomp
61	until	until	SCONJ	_	64 recolonized	mark
62	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	64 recolonized	nsubj:pass
63	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	64 recolonized	aux:pass
64	recolonized	recolonize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	57 leaving	advcl
65	by	by	ADP	_	67 Arabs	case
66	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	67 Arabs	det
67	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	Number=Plur	64 recolonized	obl
68	from	from	ADP	_	69 Sicily	case
69	Sicily	Sicily	PROPN	Number=Sing	64 recolonized	obl
70	in	in	ADP	_	71 1048	case
71	1048	1048	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	64 recolonized	obl
72	–	-	PUNCT	_	73 1049	punct
73	1049	1049	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	71 1048	flat
74	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 recounts	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	recount speech: other	present	Ibn ʿAbd the Muslim chronicler and geographer	that	870		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic
2	follow	gerund	Ibn ʿAbd the Muslim chronicler and geographer not said here	a violent struggle	the defending Byzantines and the Arab invaders		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent struggle=Theme against byzantine=Trajectory
3	defend	gerund					vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
4	lead	participle		the defending Byzantines and the Arab invaders not said here		by Halaf and Hadim; first property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by halaf=Destination
5	pillage	past		the island		by Sawada; late property	tree rules
6	destroy	gerund	Ibn ʿAbd the Muslim chronicler and geographer not said here	the important buildings			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Patient
7	leave	gerund	Ibn ʿAbd the Muslim chronicler and geographer not said here	island		uninhabited property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
8	recolonize	past · passive	the Arabs	island	Sicily	in 1048	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Malta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Malta/59/

🌲 Malta, sentence 59

The tree

Pragmatics

Malta, sentence 59