Managua, sentence 226
From Wikipedia, «Managua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Nicaraguan bus companies, often referred to as Chicken Buses, serve both urban and rural areas to remedy the lack of sufficient infrastructure that plagues these towns or villages.
Who acts: Nicaraguan bus companies, sufficient infrastructure · What happens: refer, serve, remedy, plague, lack · To what, where: Nicaraguan bus companies, urban areas, lack, towns, sufficient infrastructure
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Managua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nicaraguan bus companies, sufficient infrastructure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 companies | compound |
| 2 | bus | bus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 companies | compound |
| 3 | companies | company | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 serve | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 referred | punct |
| 5 | often | often | ADV | _ | 6 referred | advmod |
| 6 | referred | refer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 companies | acl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 referred | obl |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 Buses | case |
| 9 | Chicken | Chicken | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Buses | compound |
| 10 | Buses | Bus | PROPN | Number=Plur | 6 referred | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 serve | punct |
| 12 | serve | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | both | both | ADV | _ | 14 urban | advmod |
| 14 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 areas | amod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 rural | cc |
| 16 | rural | rural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 urban | conj |
| 17 | areas | area | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 serve | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 remedy | mark |
| 19 | remedy | remedy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 serve | advcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lack | det |
| 21 | lack | lack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 remedy | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 infrastructure | case |
| 23 | sufficient | sufficient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 infrastructure | amod |
| 24 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lack | nmod |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 plagues | nsubj |
| 26 | plagues | plague | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 infrastructure | acl:relcl |
| 27 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 28 towns | det |
| 28 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 plagues | obj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 villages | cc |
| 30 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 towns | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 serve | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | participle | Nicaraguan bus companies not said here | as Chicken Buses; often property | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | serve | present | Nicaraguan bus companies | urban areas | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | remedy | to-infinitive | Nicaraguan bus companies not said here | the lack of sufficient infrastructure | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lack=Patient | ||||
| 4 | plague | present | sufficient infrastructure | this towns or villages | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | lack | sufficient infrastructure | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Managua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Managua/226/