Mauritania, sentence 261

From Wikipedia, «Mauritania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Since 1999, all teaching in the first year of primary school is in Modern Standard Arabic; French is introduced in the second year, and is used to teach all scientific courses.

What happens: be, introduce, use, teach · To what, where: Modern Standard Arabic, French, scientific courses

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Mauritania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Since	since	ADP	_	2 1999	case
2	1999	1999	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	21 introduced	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 teaching	punct
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 teaching	det
5	teaching	teaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 1999	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 year	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 year	det
8	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 year	amod
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 teaching	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 school	case
11	primary	primary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 school	amod
12	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 year	nmod
13	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 teaching	ccomp
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 Arabic	case
15	Modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 Arabic	amod
16	Standard	Standard	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Arabic	compound
17	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 is	obl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 1999	punct
19	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 introduced	nsubj:pass
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 introduced	aux:pass
21	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 year	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 year	det
24	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	25 year	amod
25	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 introduced	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 used	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 used	cc
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 used	aux:pass
29	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 introduced	conj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 teach	mark
31	teach	teach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 used	advcl
32	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	34 courses	det
33	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 courses	amod
34	courses	course	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 teach	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 introduced	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	be	present		Modern Standard Arabic		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arabic=Location
2	introduce	present · passive	French		since 1999 and all teaching in the first year of primary school; year	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	use	present · passive				vn eat-39.1 «NP V»
4	teach speech: other	to-infinitive	all scientific courses			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent course=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Mauritania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Mauritania/261/

🌲 Mauritania, sentence 261

The tree

Pragmatics

Mauritania, sentence 261