Montenegro, sentence 174
From Wikipedia, «Montenegro», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Montenegro's large karst region lies generally at elevations of 1000 m above sea level; some parts, however, rise to 2000 m, such as Mount Orjen 1894 m, the highest massif among the coastal limestone ranges.
Who acts: large karst region, parts · What happens: lie, rise, elevate · To what, where: elevations, coastal limestone ranges, 1000 m
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Montenegro». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large karst region, parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montenegro | Montenegro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 region | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Montenegro | case |
| 3 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 region | amod |
| 4 | karst | karst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 region | compound |
| 5 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lies | nsubj |
| 6 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 6 lies | advmod |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 elevations | case |
| 9 | elevations | elevation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 lies | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 m | case |
| 11 | 1000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 m | nummod |
| 12 | m | m | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 elevations | nmod |
| 13 | above | above | ADP | _ | 15 level | case |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 level | compound |
| 15 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 m | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 rise | punct |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 parts | det |
| 18 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 rise | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 parts | punct |
| 20 | however | however | ADV | _ | 22 rise | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 however | punct |
| 22 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 lies | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 m | case |
| 24 | 2000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 m | nummod |
| 25 | m | m | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 rise | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Mount | punct |
| 27 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 29 Mount | case |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 such | fixed |
| 29 | Mount | Mount | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 m | nmod |
| 30 | Orjen | Orjen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Mount | flat |
| 31 | 1894 | 1894 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 m | nummod |
| 32 | m | m | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 Mount | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 massif | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 massif | det |
| 35 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 36 massif | amod |
| 36 | massif | massif | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 Mount | conj |
| 37 | among | among | ADP | _ | 41 ranges | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ranges | det |
| 39 | coastal | coastal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 ranges | amod |
| 40 | limestone | limestone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 ranges | compound |
| 41 | ranges | range | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 rise | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lies | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | present | Montenegro's large karst region | elevations of 1000 m above sea level | generally property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at elevation=Location | |||
| 2 | rise | infinitive | some parts | the coastal limestone ranges | to 2000 m such Mount and 1894 m and the highest massif; however property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among range=Location | |||
| 3 | elevate | 1000 m above sea level | nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Montenegro», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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