New Zealand, sentence 137
From Wikipedia, «New Zealand», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The forests were dominated by birds, and the lack of mammalian predators led to some, like the kiwi, kākāpō, weka and takahē, evolving flightlessness.
Who acts: birds, lack · What happens: dominate, lead, evolve, lack · To what, where: forests, flightlessness, mammalian predators
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «New Zealand». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, lack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 forests | det |
| 2 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dominated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dominated | aux:pass |
| 4 | dominated | dominate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 birds | case |
| 6 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dominated | obl:agent |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 led | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 led | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 lack | det |
| 10 | lack | lack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 led | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 predators | case |
| 12 | mammalian | mammalian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 predators | amod |
| 13 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lack | nmod |
| 14 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dominated | conj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 some | case |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 led | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 kiwi | punct |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 20 kiwi | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 kiwi | det |
| 20 | kiwi | kiwi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 led | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 kākāpō | punct |
| 22 | kākāpō | kākāpō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 kiwi | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 weka | punct |
| 24 | weka | weka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 kiwi | appos |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 takahē | cc |
| 26 | takahē | takahē | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 weka | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 evolving | punct |
| 28 | evolving | evolve | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 led | advcl |
| 29 | flightlessness | flightlessness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 evolving | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dominated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dominate | past · passive | birds | the forests | vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | lead | past | the lack of mammalian predators | to some; like the kiwi and kākāpō | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to some=Patient | ||||
| 3 | evolve | gerund | the lack of mammalian predators not said here | flightlessness | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location flightlessness=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lack | mammalian predators | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «New Zealand», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/New_Zealand/137/