Niamey, sentence 193
From Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The city centre has poor, dense neighbourhoods that have existed since the 1930s and 1940s.
Who acts: city centre, poor dense neighbourhoods · What happens: have, exist · To what, where: poor dense neighbourhoods
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city centre, poor dense neighbourhoods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 centre | det |
| 2 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 centre | compound |
| 3 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 neighbourhoods | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 poor | punct |
| 7 | dense | dense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 neighbourhoods | amod |
| 8 | neighbourhoods | neighbourhood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 has | obj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 existed | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 existed | aux |
| 11 | existed | exist | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 neighbourhoods | acl:relcl |
| 12 | since | since | ADP | _ | 14 1930s | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 1930s | det |
| 14 | 1930s | 1930 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 11 existed | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 1940s | cc |
| 16 | 1940s | 1940 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 14 1930s | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the city centre | poor dense neighbourhoods | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neighbourhood=Patient | ||||
| 2 | exist | present · perfect | poor dense neighbourhoods | since the 1930s and 1940s | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/193/