Niamey, sentence 493
From Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
SEEN began operating the city's water utility in 2001, under a plan from the World Bank.
What happens: see, begin, operate · To what, where: water utility, 2001
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SEEN | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 began | csubj:pass |
| 2 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | operating | operate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 began | xcomp |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 city | det |
| 5 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 utility | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 city | case |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 utility | compound |
| 8 | utility | utility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 operating | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 2001 | case |
| 10 | 2001 | 2001 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 utility | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 plan | punct |
| 12 | under | under | ADP | _ | 14 plan | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 plan | det |
| 14 | plan | plan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 operating | obl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 Bank | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Bank | det |
| 17 | World | World | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Bank | compound |
| 18 | Bank | Bank | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 plan | nmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 3 | operate | gerund | the city's water utility | 2001 | under a plan from the World Bank | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Theme utility=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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