Niamey, sentence 505
From Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Waste dumped on the ground pollutes the river and groundwater, and litter often obstructs drainage pipes. as of 2020, municipal wastewater treatment has been non-functional for over a decade; some factories and hospitals treat their wastewater themselves.
Who acts: Waste, litter, municipal wastewater treatment, factories · What happens: dump, pollute, obstruct, be, treat · To what, where: Waste, ground, river, drainage pipes, wastewater
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Waste, litter, municipal wastewater treatment, factories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pollutes | nsubj |
| 2 | dumped | dump | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Waste | acl |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 ground | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ground | det |
| 5 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dumped | obl |
| 6 | pollutes | pollute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 river | det |
| 8 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pollutes | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 groundwater | cc |
| 10 | groundwater | groundwater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 river | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 obstructs | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 obstructs | cc |
| 13 | litter | litter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 obstructs | nsubj |
| 14 | often | often | ADV | _ | 15 obstructs | advmod |
| 15 | obstructs | obstruct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 pollutes | parataxis |
| 16 | drainage | drainage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pipes | compound |
| 17 | pipes | pipe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 obstructs | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 pipes | punct |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 21 2020 | case |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 as | fixed |
| 21 | 2020 | 2020 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 obstructs | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 non-functional | punct |
| 23 | municipal | municipal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 treatment | amod |
| 24 | wastewater | wastewater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 treatment | compound |
| 25 | treatment | treatment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 non-functional | nsubj |
| 26 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 non-functional | aux |
| 27 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 non-functional | cop |
| 28 | non-functional | non-functional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 obstructs | conj |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 decade | case |
| 30 | over | over | ADP | _ | 32 decade | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 decade | det |
| 32 | decade | decade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 non-functional | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 treat | punct |
| 34 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 factories | det |
| 35 | factories | factory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 treat | nsubj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 hospitals | cc |
| 37 | hospitals | hospital | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 factories | conj |
| 38 | treat | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 pollutes | conj |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 wastewater | nmod:poss |
| 40 | wastewater | wastewater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 treat | obj |
| 41 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 38 treat | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 pollutes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dump | participle | Waste not said here | the ground | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent on ground=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | pollute | present | Waste | the river and groundwater | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | obstruct | present | litter | drainage pipes | as 2020; often property | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer pipe=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | is | present · perfect | municipal wastewater treatment | decade | non-functional property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | treat | present | some factories and hospitals | factories's wastewater | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/505/