Nicaragua, sentence 23
From Wikipedia, «Nicaragua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Therefore, the literal translation of Nicanahuac is "here surrounded by water", which corraborates the theory that the etymology refers to the large bodies of water in and around the country, the Pacific Ocean, lakes Nicaragua and Xolotlan, and the rivers and lagoons.
Who acts: water, etymology, Nicanahuac · What happens: surround, corraborate, refer in, translate · To what, where: literal translation, theory
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nicaragua». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, etymology, Nicanahuac), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 11 surrounded | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Therefore | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 translation | det |
| 4 | literal | literal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 translation | amod |
| 5 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 surrounded | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Nicanahuac | case |
| 7 | Nicanahuac | Nicanahuac | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 translation | nmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 surrounded | aux:pass |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 here | punct |
| 10 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 surrounded | advmod |
| 11 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 water | case |
| 13 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 surrounded | obl |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 water | punct |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 corraborates | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 corraborates | nsubj |
| 17 | corraborates | corraborate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 water | acl:relcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 theory | det |
| 19 | theory | theory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 corraborates | obj |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 refers | mark |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 etymology | det |
| 22 | etymology | etymology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 refers | nsubj |
| 23 | refers | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 corraborates | advcl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 bodies | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 bodies | det |
| 26 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 bodies | amod |
| 27 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 refers | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 water | case |
| 29 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bodies | nmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 refers | compound:prt |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 country | cc |
| 32 | around | around | ADP | _ | 34 country | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 country | det |
| 34 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 refers | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Ocean | punct |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Ocean | det |
| 37 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Ocean | compound |
| 38 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 country | appos |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 lakes | punct |
| 40 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 Ocean | conj |
| 41 | Nicaragua | Nicaragua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 lakes | appos |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 Xolotlan | cc |
| 43 | Xolotlan | Xolotlan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Nicaragua | conj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 rivers | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 rivers | cc |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 rivers | det |
| 47 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 surrounded | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 lagoons | cc |
| 49 | lagoons | lagoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 rivers | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 surrounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surround in a quote | present · passive | water | the literal translation of Nicanahuac | here | the rivers and lagoons obl; therefore property | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | ||
| 2 | corraborate | present | water | the theory | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | refer in | present | the etymology | to the large bodies of water; the country conj | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to body=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | translate | Nicanahuac | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Nicaragua», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nicaragua/23/