Niger, sentence 101
From Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The brutal methods of Voulet and Chanoine caused a scandal, and Paris was forced to intervene; when Lieutenant-Colonel Jean-François Klobb caught up with the mission near Tessaoua to relieve them of command, he was killed.
Who acts: brutal methods, Paris, Lieutenant · What happens: cause, force, intervene, catch up, relieve, kill · To what, where: scandal, Paris, Lieutenant
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brutal methods, Paris, Lieutenant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 methods | det |
| 2 | brutal | brutal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 methods | amod |
| 3 | methods | method | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 caused | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Voulet | case |
| 5 | Voulet | Voulet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 methods | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Chanoine | cc |
| 7 | Chanoine | Chanoine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Voulet | conj |
| 8 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 scandal | det |
| 10 | scandal | scandal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 forced | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 forced | cc |
| 13 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 forced | aux:pass |
| 15 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 caused | parataxis |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 intervene | mark |
| 17 | intervene | intervene | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forced | xcomp |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 caught | punct |
| 19 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 27 caught | mark |
| 20 | Lieutenant | Lieutenant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 caught | nsubj |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 Colonel | punct |
| 22 | Colonel | Colonel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Lieutenant | conj |
| 23 | Jean | Jean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Lieutenant | flat |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 François | punct |
| 25 | François | François | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Lieutenant | conj |
| 26 | Klobb | Klobb | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 François | flat |
| 27 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 caused | conj |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 27 caught | compound:prt |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 mission | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 mission | det |
| 31 | mission | mission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 caught | obl |
| 32 | near | near | ADP | _ | 33 Tessaoua | case |
| 33 | Tessaoua | Tessaoua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 mission | nmod |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 relieve | mark |
| 35 | relieve | relieve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 caught | advcl |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 relieve | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 command | case |
| 38 | command | command | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 relieve | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 killed | punct |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 killed | aux:pass |
| 42 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 caused | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | the brutal methods of Voulet and Chanoine | a scandal | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition scandal=Patient | ||||
| 2 | force | past · passive | Paris | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | intervene | to-infinitive | Paris not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | catch up | past | Lieutenant and Colonel and François | with the mission near Tessaoua | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | relieve | to-infinitive | Lieutenant and Colonel and François not said here | Lieutenant | of command | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer they=Source of command=Theme | |||
| 6 | kill | past · passive | Paris | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niger/101/