Niger, sentence 113
From Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the decline and marginalisation of the north continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts.
Who acts: French, decline, north · What happens: set up, continue, exacerbate, decline · To what, where: puppet sultan
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, decline, north), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 sultan | det |
| 2 | puppet | puppet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sultan | amod |
| 3 | sultan | sultan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 set | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 set | aux:pass |
| 5 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 set | compound:prt |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 French | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 French | det |
| 9 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 set | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 continued | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 decline | det |
| 12 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 continued | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 marginalisation | cc |
| 14 | marginalisation | marginalisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 decline | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 north | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 north | det |
| 17 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 decline | nmod |
| 18 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 set | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 exacerbated | punct |
| 20 | exacerbated | exacerbate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 continued | conj |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 series | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 series | det |
| 23 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 exacerbated | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 droughts | case |
| 25 | droughts | drought | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 series | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 set | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | set up | past · passive | the French | a puppet sultan | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | ||||
| 2 | continue | past | the decline of the north and marginalisation | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | exacerbate | participle | the decline of the north and marginalisation not said here | by a series of droughts | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | decline | the north | nom decline «process intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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