Niger, sentence 316
From Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The ethnic makeup of Niger as per the 2001 census was as follows: Hausa (55.4%), Zarma & Songhay (21%), Tuareg (9.3%), Fula (Peuls; Fulɓe) (8.5%), Kanuri Manga (4.7%), Tubu (0.4%), Diffa Arabs (0.4%), Gourmantche (0.4%), other (0.1%).
Who acts: ethnic makeup · What happens: be
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niger». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ethnic makeup), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 makeup | det |
| 2 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 makeup | amod |
| 3 | makeup | makeup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 follows | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Niger | case |
| 5 | Niger | Niger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 makeup | nmod |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 census | case |
| 7 | per | per | ADP | _ | 10 census | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 census | det |
| 9 | 2001 | 2001 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 census | nummod |
| 10 | census | census | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 makeup | nmod |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 follows | cop |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 follows | mark |
| 13 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 Hausa | punct |
| 15 | Hausa | Hausa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 follows | obl |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 18 % | punct |
| 17 | 55.4 | 55.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 % | nummod |
| 18 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 15 Hausa | appos |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 18 % | punct |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Zarma | punct |
| 21 | Zarma | Zarma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Hausa | conj |
| 22 | & | & | CCONJ | _ | 23 Songhay | cc |
| 23 | Songhay | Songhay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Zarma | conj |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 % | punct |
| 25 | 21 | 21 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 % | nummod |
| 26 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 21 Zarma | appos |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 % | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tuareg | punct |
| 29 | Tuareg | Tuareg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Hausa | conj |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 % | punct |
| 31 | 9.3 | 9.3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 % | nummod |
| 32 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 29 Tuareg | appos |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 % | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Fula | punct |
| 35 | Fula | Fula | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Hausa | conj |
| 36 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 Peuls | punct |
| 37 | Peuls | Peul | PROPN | Number=Plur | 35 Fula | conj |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 Fulɓe | punct |
| 39 | Fulɓe | Fulɓe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 follows | obl |
| 40 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 39 Fulɓe | punct |
| 41 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 % | punct |
| 42 | 8.5 | 8.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 43 % | nummod |
| 43 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | appos |
| 44 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 43 % | punct |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 Kanuri | punct |
| 46 | Kanuri | Kanuri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | conj |
| 47 | Manga | Manga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Kanuri | flat |
| 48 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 50 % | punct |
| 49 | 4.7 | 4.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac | 50 % | nummod |
| 50 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 46 Kanuri | appos |
| 51 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 50 % | punct |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 Tubu | punct |
| 53 | Tubu | Tubu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | conj |
| 54 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 56 % | punct |
| 55 | 0.4 | 0.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 56 % | nummod |
| 56 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 53 Tubu | appos |
| 57 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 56 % | punct |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 Arabs | punct |
| 59 | Diffa | Diffa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 Arabs | compound |
| 60 | Arabs | Arab | PROPN | Number=Plur | 53 Tubu | appos |
| 61 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 63 % | punct |
| 62 | 0.4 | 0.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 63 % | nummod |
| 63 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | appos |
| 64 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 63 % | punct |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 Gourmantche | punct |
| 66 | Gourmantche | Gourmantche | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | conj |
| 67 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 69 % | punct |
| 68 | 0.4 | 0.4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 69 % | nummod |
| 69 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 66 Gourmantche | appos |
| 70 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 69 % | punct |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 other | punct |
| 72 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 Gourmantche | parataxis |
| 73 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 75 % | punct |
| 74 | 0.1 | 0.1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 75 % | nummod |
| 75 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 39 Fulɓe | appos |
| 76 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 75 % | punct |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 follows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the ethnic makeup of Niger as the 2001 census | Hausa and Zarma & Songhay and Tuareg and Fula and Peuls obl; Fulɓe and Kanuri and Tubu and Gourmantche obl; follow property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niger», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niger/316/