Nigeria, sentence 102
From Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 1903, the British victory in the Battle of Kano gave them a logistical edge in pacifying the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire.
Who acts: British victory, logistical edge · What happens: give, pacify · To what, where: logistical edge, rulers, 1903, heartland
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British victory, logistical edge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1903 | case |
| 2 | 1903 | 1903 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 gave | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1903 | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 victory | det |
| 5 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 victory | amod |
| 6 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gave | nsubj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Battle | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Battle | det |
| 9 | Battle | Battle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 victory | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Kano | case |
| 11 | Kano | Kano | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Battle | nmod |
| 12 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 gave | iobj |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 edge | det |
| 15 | logistical | logistical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 edge | amod |
| 16 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gave | obj |
| 17 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 18 pacifying | mark |
| 18 | pacifying | pacify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 edge | acl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 heartland | det |
| 20 | heartland | heartland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pacifying | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Caliphate | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Caliphate | det |
| 23 | Sokoto | Sokoto | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Caliphate | compound |
| 24 | Caliphate | caliphate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heartland | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 parts | cc |
| 26 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 Caliphate | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Empire | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Empire | det |
| 29 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 Empire | amod |
| 30 | Bornu | Bornu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Empire | compound |
| 31 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 parts | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | the British victory in the Battle of Kano | a logistical edge | rulers = ruler | 1903 | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient edge=Theme | ||
| 2 | pacify | gerund | a logistical edge not said here | the heartland of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heartland=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/102/