Nigeria, sentence 549
From Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Nigerian Pidgin English, first used by British and African slavers to facilitate the Atlantic slave trade in the late 17th century, has replaced the native language for many Nigerians.
What happens: use, facilitate, replace · To what, where: Atlantic slave trade, Nigerian
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nigerian | Nigerian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 replaced | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | Pidgin | Pidgin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Nigerian | flat |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Nigerian | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
| 5 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 used | advmod |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Nigerian | parataxis |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 slavers | case |
| 8 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 slavers | amod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 African | cc |
| 10 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 British | conj |
| 11 | slavers | slaver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 used | obl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 facilitate | mark |
| 13 | facilitate | facilitate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 used | advcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 trade | det |
| 15 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 trade | compound |
| 16 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 trade | compound |
| 17 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 facilitate | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 century | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 century | det |
| 20 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 century | amod |
| 21 | 17th | 17th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 22 century | compound |
| 22 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 trade | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nigerian | punct |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 replaced | aux |
| 25 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 language | det |
| 27 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 language | amod |
| 28 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 replaced | obj |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 Nigerians | case |
| 30 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 Nigerians | amod |
| 31 | Nigerians | Nigerian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 28 language | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 replaced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | participle | by British slavers; first property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | facilitate | to-infinitive | the Atlantic slave trade | in the late 17th century | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | replace | present · perfect · passive | Nigerian | the native language obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/549/