Nigeria, sentence 64
From Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Several kingdoms that directly or indirectly participated in the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the Benin Empire in the south, Oyo Empire in the southwest, and the Aro Confederacy in the southeast.
What happens: participate, associate · To what, where: Several kingdoms, Atlantic slave trade, south
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Nigeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 kingdoms | amod |
| 2 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 associated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 participated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 7 participated | advmod |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 indirectly | cc |
| 6 | indirectly | indirectly | ADV | _ | 7 participated | advmod |
| 7 | participated | participate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 kingdoms | acl:relcl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 trade | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 trade | det |
| 10 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 trade | compound |
| 11 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 trade | compound |
| 12 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 participated | obl |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 associated | aux:pass |
| 14 | associated | associate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 Empire | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Empire | det |
| 17 | Benin | Benin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Empire | compound |
| 18 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 associated | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 south | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 south | det |
| 21 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 associated | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Empire | punct |
| 23 | Oyo | Oyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Empire | compound |
| 24 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 south | appos |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 southwest | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 southwest | det |
| 27 | southwest | southwest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Empire | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Confederacy | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Confederacy | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Confederacy | det |
| 31 | Aro | Aro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Confederacy | compound |
| 32 | Confederacy | Confederacy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 associated | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 southeast | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 southeast | det |
| 35 | southeast | southeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Confederacy | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 associated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | participate | participle · passive | Several kingdoms | the Atlantic slave trade | directly, indirectly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | associate | past · passive | Several kingdoms | the south | with the Benin Empire; the Aro Confederacy in the southeast obl | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with empire=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Nigeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Nigeria/64/